HISTORIC IRONWORK REPAIRS IN TIMBER-FRAMED BUILDINGS.
LIST
OF FIGURES.
1.1 INTRODUCTION.
1.2 The Aims of This Dissertation.
METHODOLOGY.
1.3 Field Work.
1.4 Literature Search.
1.5 Archive Search.
2. WHY DO TIMBER FRAMES FAIL?
2.1 Inadequate design - lack
of integrity - lack of bearing faces - lack of pegs.
2.2 Materials failure - early
failure due to greenness/ warping/ springing out/ shrinkage - inherent faults.
2.3 Loading failure - timber unable
to take load or is later overburdened.
2.4 Movement - thermal - weather/
wind - accidental - changing loads (new roof/ wall materials).
2.5 Decay - Rot - Beetle Attack
.
2.6 Erosion.
2.7 Poor Workmanship.
2.8 Structural redesign leading
to weakening.
3. THE ORIGINS OF IRONWORK REPAIRS IN
TIMBER-FRAMED BUILDINGS.
4.1 HISTORIC AVAILABILITY, CHARACTERISTICS
AND USE OF WROUGHT IRON.
4.2 Observations.
4.3 Who made the components?
5. TYPES OF IRON TIES.
5.1 Hooks. 5.2
L-ties. 5.3 Plates and strips.
5.4 Flitch plates. 5.5 Fish Plates.
5.6 Cramps.
5.7 Brackets. 5.8
U-straps. 5.9 Draw-ties. 5.10
Forelock Bolts. 5.11 T-pins. 5.12
Pin ties. 5.13 Tie rods and tie bars.
5.14 Threaded Bolts. 5.15
Stirrups. 5.16 Composite Ties.
5. 16 A NOTE ON REWORKED AND RE-USED IRON.
6. WROUGHT IRON MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES
USED ON IRON TIES.
6.1 Upsetting. 6.2
Drawing down. 6.3 Spreading 6.4
Fullering. 6.5 Cold cutting. 6.6
Hot Cutting.
6.7 Bending. 6.8
Punching. 6.9 Thread cutting.
7. THE DEVELOPMENT OF NAILS, STAPLES, SCREW
FIXINGS AND BOLTS.
7.1 Nails. 7.2
Staples. 7.3 Screws. 7.4
Bolts.
8. MODERN AVAILABILITY OF WROUGHT
IRON AND COMPATIBLE FIXINGS.
Wrought Iron, Wrought Iron Restorers., Wrought Iron Nail Manufacturers, Wholesale
Suppliers,
Tie Rods and Patress Plates
9. CONCLUSIONS
10. FUTURE DIRECTIONS
APPENDIX 1. Glossary
APPENDIX 2. Salzman's Nail Types From
1208 TO 1540.
APPENDIX 3. Neve's THE CITY AND COUNTRY
PURCHASER 1726
APPENDIX 4. Observing The Movements
of Iron-Ties in a Timber-framed Structure.